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What are the [internal] steps involved in making USB drive 'bootable'?

Whenever I have to install a new Linux distro, I create a bootable USB from the distro image using some specialized program like UNetBootin. Recently, I tried to do for Fedora using ‘dd’ command, but after doing so, the BIOS didn’t recognize my device. This has lead me to some questions:

  1. What are the steps involved in creating a bootable usb? I expect that some kind of MBR should be created at the beginning of the USB device, but I would like to know the internals of this.
  2. There are a number of examples on the internet about how the ‘dd’ command can be used to create a bootable USB. So if some kind of MBR is required to be inserted, does that mean that the ISO file written using ‘dd’ command already contanins the MBR? (Because as far as I know, ‘dd’ just makes a block-by-block copy of a file to a device).
  3. What could be the possible reason due to which my USB device became non-recognizable by BIOS?

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